Thinker
Michael Cernea
Michael Cernea is central to 6 previous-year questions, spanning 2010 to 2025 across Paper I and Paper II. Everything below is drawn from the official papers — the questions themselves, the concepts they test, and where they sit in the syllabus.
6Questions
2010–25Years tested
I & IIPaper
3Syllabus topics
Concepts asked alongside Michael Cernea
What the examiner actually wants you to know when this name appears.
development-induced displacement 3impoverishment risks 3marginalisation 2agrarian distresscommon property resourcescultural dislocationcumulative inequalitydevelopment induced displacementdisplacementdisplacement and dispossessiondisplacement and rehabilitationimpoverishmentimpoverishment risks modelinformal labourland alienationloss of common property resourcesloss of livelihood and communitymarginalisation of the vulnerable
Where Michael Cernea appears in the syllabus
Every question on Michael Cernea
Each links to a full breakdown — how to approach it, a model answer, and the examiner’s perspective.
Browse all thinkers by exam frequency, or see the full trend analysis.